Features

Three Lenslet Arrays to Choose From
Real-Time Wavefront and
Intensity Distribution Measurements
Interchangeable High-Quality
Photolithographic Microlens Arrays
Nearly Diffraction-Limited Spot Size
For CW and Highly Repetitive Pulsed Light Sources
Flexible Export Options
Live Data Readout via TCP/IP
Compact Housing

Item #	WFS150-5C	WFS150-7AR	WFS300-14AR
Microlens Array	MLA150M-5C	MLA150M-7AR	MLA300M-14AR
Wavelength Range	300 - 1100 nm	400 - 900 nm	400 - 900 nm
Microlens Array Coating	Chrome Mask	Anti Reflection
Aperture Size	5.95 mm x 4.76 mm. Max.
Camera Resolution	1280 x 1024 Pixels Max., Selectable
Pixel Size	4.65 µm x 4.65 µm
Lenslet Pitch	150 µm		300 µm
Effective Focal Length	3.7 mm	5.0 mm	14.0 mm
Frame Rate	15 Hz max.
Wavefront Accuracy*	λ/15 rms (@ 633 nm)		λ/50 rms (@ 633 nm)
Wavefront Sensitivity**	λ/50 rms (@ 633 nm)		λ/150 rms (@ 633 nm)

Thorlabs' Shack Hartmann Wavefront Sensors provide accurate, measurements of the wavefront shape and intensity distribution of beams. They consist of a CCD camera with a microlens array. This lenslet array creates a spotfield of the incident wavefront on the CCD sensor which is analyzed based on the location and intensity of the individual spots. SH wavefront sensors can dynamically measure the wavefronts of laser sources, characterize the wavefront distortion caused by optical components, and provide real-time feedback for the control of adaptive optics. For more details about the functionality please see the Functionality tab.

Calculated Parameters

Beam Centroid and Diameter
Modal and Zonal Reconstructed Wavefront
PV, RMS of Wavefront
Zernike Representations of Tilt, Defocus, Astigmatism,
Coma, Spherical, and Higher Order Aberrations
Fourier and Optometric Parameters

Display/Output Options

Raw Spotfield Image
Irradiance Distribution
Measured and Reconstructed 3D Wavefront
Tabulated Output
Flexible Export Option: Text or Excel File
Live Data Readout Via TCP/IP to a DataSocket Server

The Shack-Hartmann (SH) Wavefront Sensors consist of a high-resolution (1.3 megapixels) USB 2.0 CCD camera with a built-in interchangeable microlens array and a software package for the analysis of the generated spotfield. The software offers a user-friendly graphical interface with menu-driven tools for camera settings, calibration, analysis, and display options. The camera housing can be easily mounted using the included adapter that has both M4 and 8-32 tapped mounting holes. The camera housing also has industry standard C-Mount threading. Filters, lens tubes, and other components can be easily attached to the camera using Thorlabs' SM1A9 adapter (not included) that adapts the C-Mount threading to our SM1 (1.035"-40) standard. ND filters are often used with SH wavefront sensors in order to prevent the incident light from saturating the sensor and lens tubes are an excellent way to minimize the sensors exposure to ambient light.

3 Models - Different Microlens Arrays

Thorlabs offers three versions of the Shack-Hartmann Wavefront Sensor. Each version has a different microlens array but uses the same CCD camera. The WFS150-5C has a chrome mask microlens array (MLA150M-5C), which prevents light from passing between the microlenses. The chrome mask considerably increases the intensity of the back reflection from the surface of the microlens array however, it can be used over a broad operating wavelength range (300 - 1100 nm). The WFS150-7AR and WFS300-14AR microlens arrays are AR-coated (400 - 900 nm) and are ideal for applications that are sensitive to back reflections. All three microlens arrays are availble unmounted.

Interchangeable Microlens Arrays

The WFS150-5C, WFS150-7AR and WFS300-14AR Wavefront Sensors are equipped with an interchangeable microlens array mounted using a precision patent pending magnetic holder. These mounted microlens arrays can be ordered separately and easily interchanged using a specialized pickup-tool (included). Prior to the first use of each additional microlens array, the wavefront sensor must be factory calibrated once with each array to ensure accurate results. Thorlabs will calibrate any of the WFS series SH wavefront sensors free of charge with the purchase of an MLA series microlens array. The exchangeable microlens array design allows the user to switch between different microlens focal lengths and array features in order to adapt the SH sensor's dynamic range and spatial resolution to different applications.

*Absolute accuracy using internal reference. Measured for spherical wavefronts of known RoC.
**Typical relative accuracy. Achievable after, and with respect to, a user calibration of 10 image averages.

How a Shack-Hartmann Wavefront Sensor Works

This Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor uses microlens array in conjunction with a CCD array. As seen from the figure below, a planar wavefront that is transmitted through a microlens array and imaged on a CCD sensor will form a regular pattern of bright spots. If, however, the wavefront is distorted, the light imaged on the CCD sensor will consist of some regularly spaced spots mixed with displaced spots and missing spots. This information is used to calculate the shape of the wavefront that was incident on the microlens array. Shack- Hartmann type wavefront sensors can be used to characterize the performance of optical systems. In addition, they are increasingly used in applications where real-time monitoring of the wavefront is used to control an adaptive optic with the intent of removing the wavefront distortion before creating an image.

Wavefront correction

Wavefront Distortion and Spot Displacement

Each microlens of the lenslet array collects the light falling onto its aperture and generates a single spot on the detector plane (CCD camera) that is situated a focal length behind the lenslets. The spot positions are straight behind the lenses (green) only in case the launched wavefront is flat and parallel to the plane of the lenslets. We call these the Reference Spot Positions or reference spotfield. In the common case however, the current spot positions will be deviated in X and Y direction (red), that is, every spot lies away from the optical axis z of its associated microlens, separated by an angle α. It can be easily shown that this is caused by an incoming wavefront with the same average angle α compared to the reference wavefront.

Wavefront Corrections

Graphical User Interface

The Shack-Hartmann Wavefront Sensor comes bundled with a software control program. Below is a screen shot of the graphical user interface.

Graphical User Interface

Item #	WFS150-5C	WFS150-7AR	WFS300-14AR
Wavefront Sensor
Aperture Size	5.95 mm x 4.76 mm. Max.
Camera Resolution	1280 x 1024 Pixels Max., Selectable
Pixel Size	4.65 µm x 4.65 µm
Shutter	Global
Number of Active Lenslets	Selectable by Software, depending on Microlens Array
Max. Number of Active Lenslets	39 x 31		19 x 15
Wavefront Accuracy^a	λ/15 rms (@ 633 nm)		λ/50 rms (@ 633 nm)
Wavefront Sensitivity^b	λ/50 rms (@ 633 nm)		λ/150 rms (@ 633 nm)
Wavefront Dynamic Range^c	>100λ (@ 633 nm)		>50λ (@ 633 nm)
Local Wavefront Curvature^d	>7.4 mm	>10 mm	> 40 mm
Exposure Range	79 µs – 65 ms
Frame Rate	15 Hz max.
Image Digitization	8 Bit
Optical Input Connector	C-Mount
Physical Size (H x W x D)	34 mm x 32 mm x 45.5 mm
Power Supply	<1.5W, via USB
Microlens Array
Included Microlens Array	MLA150M-5C	MLA150M-7AR	MLA300M-14AR
Substrate Material	Fused Silica (Quartz)
Wavelength Range	300 - 1100 nm	400 - 900 nm	400 - 900 nm
Free Aperture	Ø 9 mm
Lenslet Grid Type	Square Grid
Lenslet Pitch	150 µm		300 µm
Lens Shape	Round, Plano Convex Spherical		Square, Plano Convex Parabolic
Lens Diameter	146 µm		300 µm
Coating	Chrome Microlens Mask	Anti Reflection
Reflectivity	<25%	<1%	<1%
Nominal Focal Length	5.2 mm	6.7 mm	18.6 mm
Effective Focal Length (Mounted in WFS)	3.7 mm	5.0 mm	14.0 mm
Array Size	10 mm x 10 mm x 1.2 mm

a) Absolute accuracy using internal reference. Measured for spherical wavefronts of known RoC.
b) Typical relative accuracy. Achievable after, and with respect to, a user calibration of 10 image averages.
c) Over entire aperture of wavefront sensor
d) Radius of wavefront curvature over single lenslet aperture

Software for the WFS150 Series Shack-Hartmann Wavefront Sensor

Use this link to download the below software packages:

The available software is organized into the following categories:

Software: Software package with graphical user interface for operating the device in standard applications.

Shipping List for WFS Series Wavefront Sensors

Item #	WFS150-5C	WFS150-7AR	WFS300-14AR
Wavefront Sensor WFS150-5C	x
Wavefront Sensor WFS150-7AR		x
Wavefront Sensor WFS300-14AR			x
USB 2.0 Cable A to Mini B, 2,0 m	x	x	x
Distribution CD WFS Series	x	x	x
Manual Wavefront Sensor WFS Series	x	x	x
Mounting Adapter Plate + 4 Mounting Screws	x	x	x

Shipping List for MLA Series Microlens Arrays

Part	MLA150M-5C	MLA150M-7AR	MLA300M-14AR
Mounted Lenslet Array MLA150M-5C	x
Mounted Lenslet Array MLA150M-7AR		x
Mounted Lenslet Array MLA150M-14AR			x
Pickup tool	x	x	x
Certificate of WFS Calibration *	x	x	x

*Note: Mounted lenslet arrays are only sold in conjunction
with a calibration of the MLA mounted within the appropriate WFS (New, or returned by customer)!

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Posted Comments:
Poster: julien	Posted Date: 2010-08-05 10:35:05.0
A response from Julien at Thorlabs to Laura: The array is placed above the sensor so that the X and Y directions of the array match the ones of the sensor. The position of the lenslets themselves relative to the pixels is not exactly known. Instead, a calibration is done during the production where a flat wavefront impinges perpendicularly onto the WFS. The centroid positions are then stored as calibration reference. The positions of the centroids are referenced to the top left corner of the sensor.

Poster: laura.waller	Posted Date: 2010-08-02 15:53:47.0
Hello, i have one of these and am looking for the data on which pixels correspond to which lenslets in the array. Can i assume pixel (1,1) is aligned to the top left corner of lenslet (1,1) ?? Serial number info is: WFS150-5C M00239612 thanks, Laura Waller (lwaller@princeton.edu)

Poster: michael.schaefer	Posted Date: 2010-07-26 13:21:23.0
Hi there, you mention a reflectivity of 25??? percent for this product. shouldnt this be 0.25% ? Michael

Poster: Thorlabs	Posted Date: 2010-07-26 10:41:15.0
Response from Javier at Thorlabs to michael.schaefer: Thank you very much for your feedback. The <25% reflectivity spec for the WFS150 wavefront sensor with the chrome mask is correct. The WFS150-5C microlens is not AR coated; the chrome mask blocks light that is not passing through the microlenses. As a result, a relatively high percentage of the incoming light is reflected in exchange for high contrast.

Poster: xgliu	Posted Date: 2010-06-25 16:16:53.0
hi, need to check out the software for this product. does it have any interface to other software, like LabVIEW or Matlab? In our application, we need to pass the wavefront profile to another program (in Matlab or LabVIEW)for further processing...and this is preferably in real time.... Thanks a lot...

Poster: Thorlabs	Posted Date: 2010-06-25 10:29:13.0
Response from Javier at Thorlabs to xgliu: the WFS software includes instrument drivers and examples for integration with the LabVIEW and LabWindows/CVI platforms. Also, the WFS is also equipped with a DataSocket interface for live data transfer into other applications. As an example, a "wavefront sensor receiver" application including source code is also provided. I will contact you directly with a copy of the WFS manual, which explains these in detail.

Poster: Thorlabs	Posted Date: 2010-06-25 10:14:36.0
Response from Javier at Thorlabs to angel_sinue: it appears that the data stored in the EEPROM of the WFS wavefront sensor is lost. I would recommend sending this unit back for repair. I will contact you directly.

Poster: angel_sinue	Posted Date: 2010-06-24 21:33:07.0
Hi! I need some help with the product. It appears that the Wavefront sensor is not being recognized by the application software, instead, only the DCU camera is being recognized by the software, and therefore, no graphics from the measured wavefront are displayed, I really need some help out here.

Poster: nssycit	Posted Date: 2010-06-08 20:57:13.0
hello, I want to know more about the Shack-Hartmann Wavefront Sensor, that is, whats the brand and model of the sensor? And can you send the SDK of the camera to me? thank you sir.

Poster: julien	Posted Date: 2010-06-08 16:26:46.0
a response from Julien at Thorlabs: We provide a SDK for the wavefront sensor (installed during the sofwtare installation), with which you can access all the basic function of the unit. Unfortunately I cannot disclose the brand and model name of the CCD camera. However, I would be happy to discuss your application with you to find a way we can help with the software implementation of the functions you need for your application. I will contact you directly per email.

Poster:	Posted Date: 2010-05-18 16:38:42.0
A response from Florian at Thorlabs to bowen: The updated drawings are now online.

Poster: Adam	Posted Date: 2010-05-12 08:50:36.0
A response from Adam at Thorlabs to bowen: I agree that this thread specification should be added to the drawing. We are in the process of adding this to the drawing and will put the updated drawing on the web.

Poster: bowen	Posted Date: 2010-05-11 16:36:31.0
Thread size for main optical aperture, part WFS150-5C, is not given. Text gives it, but it would be nice to have on the print.

Poster: apalmentieri	Posted Date: 2010-03-01 17:13:32.0
A response from Adam at Thorlabs to gidiloo: At this time we do not have a product similar to the wavefront sensor that is AR coating at 1550nm. Unfortunately, an AR coating alone will not solve the issue as the camera will not detect the 1550nm light. Please note that we are always looking for new product ideas and I will inform our engineers of this idea. I would also like to get more information about your application, but will email you directly to get this information.

Poster: apalmentieri	Posted Date: 2010-03-01 14:44:55.0
A response from Adam at Thorlabs to Ajgonsalves: Although we guarantee a wavefront accuracy of lambda/15 only, the instruments hardware might be able to detect even smaller aberrations. Especially when calibrated in the application setup using a plane or ideal spherical wavefront, the relative accuracy can be better than lambda/25 (0.04 waves). We often see such values during our production tests. Id encourage you to test a demo unit in order to check its performance in your lab. The labview drivers have the full functionality of capture and analysis.

Poster: gidiloo	Posted Date: 2010-03-01 14:24:25.0
Hi, Would you have anything similar to the Shack-Hartmann Wavefront Sensor but AR for 1550nm? Thanks, Gideon

Poster: ajgonsalves	Posted Date: 2010-02-12 14:54:30.0
The wavefront sensitivity seems to be quite poor for this type of wavefront sensor. e.g. ?/15 rms (@ 633 nm) for the model with 150micron lenslet pitch. Why is this? Is there a different number for the relative sensitivity as opposed to absolute? i.e. if we are subtracting a reference and looking at changes in the wavefront is the sensitivity still ?/15 rms? Also do the labview drivers support full funtionality of capture and analysis?

Poster: ajgonsalves	Posted Date: 2010-02-12 14:53:49.0
The wavefront sensitivity seems to be quite poor for this type of wavefront sensor. e.g. ?/15 rms (@ 633 nm) for the model with 150micron lenslet pitch. Why is this? Is there a different number for the relative sensitivity as opposed to absolute? i.e. if we are subtracting a reference and looking at changes in the wavefront is the sensitivity still ?/15 rms? Also do the labview drivers support full funtionality of capture and analysis?

Poster: jens	Posted Date: 2009-12-19 17:50:07.0
A reply from Jens at Thorlabs: one reason for this could be that the incorrect USB driver is used. We will have to check which serial number your sensor has and which driver is currently loaded, I will provide you the link to the driver files so this can be changed if it turns out to be the root cause. Based on the serial number we will also be able to check the calibration data of the unit. I will contact you directly with the driver details and pictures showing where to find the necessary details.

Poster: wjj	Posted Date: 2009-12-19 09:40:48.0
How to solve this problem when I use this product? (1)Checksum error while loading calibration data from warefront sensor. (2)Unable to recover WFS calibration data!You are probably using a Thorlabs DCU camera which is not supported by this wavefront sensor application software!

Poster: ekrause	Posted Date: 2009-12-09 14:47:48.0
A WFS 2.0 beta version is meanwhile available here: http://www.thorlabs.com/software/MUC/WFS/Software/WFS_2.0beta.zip This beta is not fully tested and misses an updated manual and help file. Please unzip and install: - USB_Cam_Driver_3.50.zip - (camera USB driver, required anyway) - WFS_Appl_2.0beta.zip - (WFS application) - WFS_Drv_2.0beta.zip - (Driver package, C, DotNet, LabView)

Poster: ekrause	Posted Date: 2009-12-09 02:15:13.0
Yes, the new software release 2.0 includes a trigger option now, it will be released very soon on this web page. Edges LH or HL can trigger camera exposure with adjustable delay time (15 µs – 4 s). A special cable will be supplied for this.

Poster:	Posted Date: 2009-12-08 13:49:11.0
With reference to my post of 5/5/08 and Lauries responce on 5/7/08. Has a upgrade of the software included a triggered option yet? (I guess from dtmillers posting on 7/21/09 the answer is no). Is there really a plan to suport triggering (measuring low rep rate pulsed lasers)at some point?

Poster: klee	Posted Date: 2009-10-07 12:16:58.0
A response from Ken at Thorlabs to Miroslav.Belov: Can you double check the part number? We do not have BP106 in our system.

Poster: Miroslav.Belov	Posted Date: 2009-10-07 11:07:47.0
Can we expand/upgrade our BP106 to a wavefront sensor? Thanks, Miro

Poster: Laurie	Posted Date: 2009-09-01 15:30:06.0
Response from Laurie at Thorlabs to angelcf: Thank you for your interest in our wavefront sensors. If you look at page 33 of our manual for our adaptive optics kit (search for AOK1-UM01), which utilizes this wavefront sensor, you will find a short discussion on the indices being used for our Zernike polynomials as well as a reference. If you should need additional information, please let us know.

Poster: angelcf	Posted Date: 2009-08-30 06:50:16.0
Hi Laurie at Thorlabs, could you please send me a copy of the file that lists the Zernike polynomial indices being used with your wavefront sensor software???

Poster: jhartmann	Posted Date: 2009-07-21 09:56:58.0
A response from Juergen at Thorlabs to dtmiller : WFS150(C) is based on one of our CCD cameras, DCU224M. The trigger input works for DCU224M and the camera software. If its converted to WFS150, the trigger input is without function - WFS150 software does not support external triggering

Poster: dtmiller	Posted Date: 2009-07-19 14:46:00.0
Does the WFS150 camera have an external trigger that allows it to be synchronized with other electronic devices? If it does not have an external trigger, does Thorlabs have any recommendations on how it can be synchronized?

Poster: jens	Posted Date: 2009-07-04 06:41:57.0
A reply from Jens at Thorlabs: The definition within the wavefront data array is: first index = y, second index = x. This was chosen because our C compiler uses this convention when displaying arrays for debugging. Graphical toolbox software normally has a different convention: first index = x second index = y. That’s why the Wavefront Sensor software copies the wavefront array into another array with flipped x and y axes prior to display. Columns become rows and vice versa. If you do the same the output will be identical to the Wavefront Sensor software.

Poster: david.lee	Posted Date: 2009-07-03 09:54:23.0
Does the coordinate system displayed on the wavefront error results screen match that used in the csv file output? My measurements seem to show a 180 degree rotation of the data.

Poster: Laurie	Posted Date: 2008-12-23 09:04:20.0
Response from Laurie at Thorlabs to jason.zweiback: Thank you for feedback concerning our WFS150C. I am glad to hear that you have found the instrument to be helpful. Concerning the software/functionality, I have passed your comments on to the chief engineer responsible for this particular item so that he can incorporate such improvements into future versions of the software. As newer versions of the software become available, you will be able to download them from our website.

Poster: jason.zweiback	Posted Date: 2008-12-22 12:10:47.0
I recently purchased a WFS150C. Overall I find the instrument easy to use and quite helpful. However, I feel the software needs some additional functionality. As far as I can tell, once you stop acquiring data the software can no longer do any calculations. This would allow one to look at the residual wavefront as one removes or adds Zernikes. Along with this, it would be useful to be able to reload a save wavefront in order to view it and do analysis. The ability to save the wavefront plot as a jpeg would also be useful.

Poster: Tyler	Posted Date: 2008-10-14 11:55:42.0
A response from Tyler at Thorlabs to stordo: The software cannot currently (9/14/2008) handle a central obstruction in the spot field. However, because of your request we are working on a software revision that accommodates obstructions. We will be in contact with you as this process continues to make sure the new software will meet your specifications. This is an exciting opportunity to improve the Thorlabs Shack-Hartmann sensor, thank you for contacting us with the central obstruction issue.

Poster: Laurie	Posted Date: 2008-10-13 10:08:08.0
Response from Laurie at Thorlabs to icsmith: Thank you for your feedback and interest in our wavefront sensors. Since there are various definitions for the Zernike polynomials floating around the literature, I will be personally emailing you a .pdf file that lists the Zernike polynomial indices being used with our wavefront sensor software. Once youve had a chance to take a look at it, please feel free to contact us with any additional questions so that we can clarify further if necessary.

Poster: icsmith	Posted Date: 2008-10-09 18:05:17.0
There seems to be a slight inconsistency in the software package in the way it deals with Zernike modes. The instructions claim the WFS orders the Zernike terms as defined by Malacara (with the highest 2nd index coming first) but software’s main display and the table included in the wavefront sensor set up menu orders them differently? (the lowest 2nd index ,negative, coming first). Ive been writing a interface (reading the Zernike modes through the DataSocket) that can also reconstruct the phase from the Zernike and have tried both ordering schemes, the true Malacara scheme seems to give the best results in matching the "measured" wavefront display in the ThorLab software but doesnt match the "reconstructed" display well. Any ideas? a definitive listing of the indexes and the actual polynomials would be reassuring. Thanks-Ian

Poster: stordo	Posted Date: 2008-10-06 10:50:59.0
I would like to know it the software can handle central obstruction. For instance, can the software reconstruct zernike coefficients of a wavefront with a round central obstruction?

Poster: Laurie	Posted Date: 2008-09-12 12:43:29.0
Response from Laurie at Thorlabs to yangjiakobe: Thank you for your interest in our wavefront sensors. The WFS150C has an input aperture of 5.95 x 4.76 mm. However, based on your question of compatibility with your microscope, I presume that you are interested in the diameter of the round opening at the front of the housing, which is 32 mm. If you are not familiar with our website, mechanical drawings for all products can be found under the Drawings and Documents Tab. Here you can view a .pdf file that shows you all of the dimensions for the wavefront housing. Also, our wavefront sensors have a C-Mount thread. However, if a different threading is needed, we do offer adapters to other standards, which can be found at this website: http://www.thorlabs.com/NewGroupPage9.cfm?ObjectGroup_ID=1747&pn=SM1A9. If we can be of further assistance, please let us know.

Poster: yangjiakobe	Posted Date: 2008-09-12 11:16:12.0
Dear Sir or Madam, Could you please tell me the dimensions of the aperture of the wavefront sensor 150C? We need a wave front sensor and want to fix it onto a microscope. So the thread of the mount of WFS150C should be compatible with the our microscope. Whats the type of the mount thread of WFS150C? Thank you.

Poster: Laurie	Posted Date: 2008-07-17 09:01:04.0
Response from Laurie at Thorlabs to roedel: Thank you for your question. Unfortunately, our WFS150 cannot at this time be triggered externally. We are currently working on an updated version that has this functionality. If you should have additional questions, please dont hesitate to contact us.

Poster: roedel	Posted Date: 2008-07-17 05:38:22.0
Dear Sir or Madam, can the wave front sensor 150 be triggered externally? That would be very important to know because we want to use it with a pulsed laser with a repetition rate of 10 Hz. Thanks in advance,

Poster: Laurie	Posted Date: 2008-05-07 11:06:57.0
Response from Laurie at Thorlabs to icsmith: The WFS150 sensor is based on our DCU223M CCD camera. The appropriate trigger cable for this hardware is item CAB-DCU-T1. However, at this time, the wavefront sensor software is not capable of triggering a wavefront capture. In the next software release, a number of improvements will be implemented, including trigger capabilities. Please feel free to contact us with any additional questions.

Poster: icsmith	Posted Date: 2008-05-05 18:29:38.0
It would be good to suply the micro SubD 9 pin digital control cable for this camera. Cordinating exactly when a measurment is taken is very difficult without the cameras trigger function which is only possible through the cable. The conector doesnt seem to be standard and I have been unable to find one.