Nonlinear Photonic Crystal Fibers
Features- Zero Dispersion Wavelengths from 670 - 890 nm
- Core Diameter from 1.5 - 3.3 µm
- Nonlinear Coefficients from 37 to 190 (W·km)-1
- Near-Gaussian Mode Profile
- Pure Silica Core and Cladding
Applications- Supercontinuum Generation for Frequency Metrology, Spectroscopy, or Optical Coherence Tomography Using Ti:sapphire, Nd(3+) Microchip
- Four-Wave Mixing and Self-Phase Modulation for Switching, Pulse-Forming and Wavelength Conversion Applications
- Raman Amplification
These highly nonlinear photonic crystal fibers guide light in a small solid silica core surrounded by large air holes. The optical properties of these structures closely resemble those of a rod of glass suspended in air, resulting in strong confinement of the light and, correspondingly, a large nonlinear coefficient. By selecting the appropriate core diameter, the zero-dispersion wavelength can be chosen over a wide range in the visible and near infrared spectrum, making these fibers particularly suited to the generation of supercontinuum radiation with Ti:Sapphire or diode-pumped Nd(3+)- lasers, or for optical switching and signal processing applications.
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λ0 is the zero dispersion wavelength for the nonlinear photonic crystal fibers. Optical Properties| Item # | λ0 | Dispersion Slopea | Attenuation | MFDa,b | NAa,c | Effective
Nonlinear
Area | Nonlinear
Coefficienta |
|---|
| NL-1.5-670-02 | 670 ± 5 nm | 1.4 ps/(nm2km) | λ0 < 90 dB/km
1550 nm < 25 dB/km
1380 nm < 300 dB/km
1000 nm < 60 dB/km
600 nm < 110 dB/km | 1.1 ± 0.1 µm | 0.5 | 1.23 µm2 | 190 (W·km)-1 | | NL-1.7-700-02 | 700 ± 5 nm | 1.0 ps/(nm2km) | λ0 < 50 dB/km
1550 nm < 20 dB/km
1380 nm < 300 dB/km
1000 nm < 40 dB/km
600 nm < 60 dB/km | 1.2 ± 0.1 µm | 0.45 | 1.51 µm2 | 148 (W·km)-1 | | NL-1.8-730-02 | 730 ± 5 nm | 0.79 ps/(nm2km) | λ0 < 50 dB/km
1550 nm < 20 dB/km
1380 nm < 300 dB/km
1000 nm < 30 dB/km
600 nm < 50 dB/km | 1.4 ± 0.1 µm | 0.4 | 1.76 µm2 | 122 (W·km)-1 | | NL-2.0-745-02 | 745 ± 5 nm | 0.85 ps/(nm2km) | λ0 < 30 dB/km
1550 nm < 20 dB/km
1380 nm < 200 dB/km
1000 nm < 20 dB/km
600 nm < 40 dB/km | 1.4 ± 0.1 µm | 0.42 | 2.03 µm2 | 103.8 (W·km)-1 | | NL-2.3-790-02 | 790 ± 5 nm | 0.64 ps/(nm2km) | λ0 < 25 dB/km
1550 nm < 15 dB/km
1380 nm < 100 dB/km
1000 nm < 17 dB/km
600 nm < 40 dB/km | 1.5 ± 0.1 µm | 0.4 | 2.66 µm2 | 75 (W·km)-1 | | NL-2.4-800 | 800 ± 5 nm | 0.55 ps/(nm2km) | λ0 < 80 dB/km
1550 nm < 50 dB/km
1380 nm < 420 dB/km
1000 nm < 60 dB/km
600 nm < 100 dB/km | 1.5 ± 0.1 µm | 0.19 | 2.8 µm2 | 70 (W·km)-1 | | NL-2.8-850-02 | 850 ± 5 nm | 0.48 ps/(nm2km) | λ0 < 10 dB/km
1550 nm < 6 dB/km
1380 nm < 40 dB/km
1000 nm < 10 dB/km
600 nm < 17 dB/km | 1.9 ± 0.1 µm | 0.38 | 3.97 µm2 | 46.6 (W·km)-1 | | NL-3.3-890-02 | 890 ± 5 nm | 0.33 ps/(nm2km) | λ0 < 10 dB/km
1550 nm < 5 dB/km
1380 nm < 40 dB/km
1000 nm < 10 dB/km
600 nm < 20 dB/km | 2.1 ± 0.1 µm | 0.35 | 4.76 µm2 | 37.52 (W·km)-1 |
Physical Properties| Item # | Core
Diameter | Pitch | Air Fill in
Holey Region | Diameter of
Holey Region | Diameter of Outer
Silica Cladding | Fiber O.D. |
|---|
| NL-1.5-670-02 | 1.5 μm | 1.9 μm | >90% | 20 μm | 106 μm | 220 μm | | NL-1.7-700-02 | 1.7 μm | 1.8 μm | >85% | 18.5 μm | 116 μm | 220 μm | | NL-1.8-730-02 | 1.8 μm | 2.0 μm | >88% | 21 μm | 127 μm | 220 μm | | NL-2.0-745-02 | 2.0 μm | 2.0 μm | >90% | 28 μm | 127 μm | 220 μm | | NL-2.3-790-02 | 2.3 μm | 1.6 μm | >94% | 35 μm | 147 μm | 220 μm | | NL-2.4-800 | 2.4 μm | 2.9 μm | >90% | 27 μm | 105 μm | 230 μm | | NL-2.8-850-02 | 2.8 μm | 2.7 μm | >88% | 28 μm | 136 μm | 220 μm | | NL-3.3-890-02 | 3.2 μm | 3.1 μm | >88% | 32 μm | 154 μm | 220 μm |
a Measured at λ0
b Mode Field Diameter
c Numerical Aperture |
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The term supercontinuum generation includes many nonlinear effects that lead to a substantial spectral broadening. These nonlinear effects include Raman scattering, self-phase modulation and solitons. Supercontinuum spectra are typically produced by inputting short (femtosecond range) high power pulses into a nonlinear medium. Since the dispersion in a photonic crystal fiber can be tailored to facilitate the generation of supercontinuum spectra in a specific region, nonlinear photonic crystal fibers are an attractive media. Supercontinuum (SC) sources are a new type of light source that combine the high radiant power and high degree of spatial coherence of a laser with a spectral bandwidth usually associated with an incandescent source. Supercontinuum sources can often drastically improve the signal-to-noise ratio, reduce the measurement time, or widen the spectral range in applications that require a broadband source, including high-resolution spectroscopy, the characterization of optical components, or optical coherence tomography (OCT). Despite the complex nature of the non-linear optical processes that convert the narrowband output of a laser into a supercontinuum, the practical realization can be surprisingly straight forward. All that is required is a high peak power pulsed laser, and a non-linear element with the right dispersion characteristics. The high power density, long length at comparatively low loss and the ability to achieve zero dispersion at wavelength shorter than 1250 nm - something that is not achievable with conventional fibers - makes small-core PCF ideally suited as the nonlinear element in a SC source. NKT Photonics offers small-core fibers suitable for use with femtosecond Ti:sapphire lasers (NLxx-xxx), as well as a fiber specifically designed to generate SC radiation from the output of a compact, low-cost Nd3+-YAG microchip laser (SC-5.0-1040). Please see detailed application note linked below for more information. When selecting a fiber for supercontinuum generation, the relationship between a fiber’s zero dispersion wavelength and the pump is the most important consideration. The table below provides a general guideline for cases when pumping the photonic crystal fiber with femtosecond laser sources. The attached pdf file offers more details regarding supercontinuum generation using the NL series of Photonic Crystal Fiber. | Pump Wavelength | Output Spectrum |
|---|
| Below the zero dispersion wavelength | Stable, smooth and narrow spectrum | | At the zero dispersion wavelength | Irregular, medium-wide and with a dip at the zero-dispersion wavelength | | Above the zero dispersion wavelength | Irregular and wide spectrum |
Supercontinuum - General Application Note - Thorlabs.pdf
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This application note addresses general handling of fibers from NKT Photonics, including how to strip the protective coating, how to cleave the fibers and tips for coupling light to and from the fibers. This is ideal for customers new to photonic crystal fibers. Application_Note-_Stripping_Cleaving_&_Coupling.pdf The application note below addresses general advice about fusion splicing of photonic crystal fibers (PCFs). The note is limited to the work related directly to the fusion splicer, whereas guidelines for general handling of the PCFs can be found in the application note to the left. Application Note-_Splicing_Single Mode_PCF.pdf |
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Features- Polarization Beat Length at 1550 nm is typically <2 mm
- DGD at 1550 nm is typically 2 ns/km
- Nonlinear Coefficient 54 (W·km)-1 (cf 1.1 (W·km)-1 for SMF-28e+ at 1550 nm)
- Near-Gaussian Mode Profile, Ellipticity of 1.13 at 830 nm
NKT Photonics' polarization-maintaining (PM) highly nonlinear photonic crystal fibers guide light in a small solid silica core, surrounded by a microstructure cladding formed by a periodic arrangement of air holes in the silica. The optical properties of the core closely resemble those of a slightly elliptical rod of glass suspended in air; this results in a strong confinement of the light, a large nonlinear coefficient, and a substantial splitting of the effective indices of the polarization modes. The zero-dispersion (ZD) wavelength has been chosen for use with Ti:Sapphire laser sources, but the dispersion is also anomalous at the fundamental Neodymium wavelength (1060 nm).
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Specifications| Optical Properties | NL-PM-750 |
|---|
| Short Zero Dispersion Wavelength | 750 ± 15 nm | | Long Zero Dispersion Wavelength | 1260 ± 20 nm | | Attenuation @ 780 nm | <0.05 dB/m | | Cutoff Wavelength | < 650 nm | | Mode Field Diameter @ 780 nm | 1.6 ± 0.3 µm | | Numerical Aperture @ 780 nm | 0.38 ± 0.05 | | Nonlinear Coefficient @ 780 nm | ~95 (Wkm)-1 | | Birefringence @ 780 nm | >3·10-4 | | Physical Properties |
|---|
| Material | Pure Silica | | Cladding Diameter | 120 ± 5 μm | | Coating Diameter | 240 ± 10 μm | | Coating Material, Single Layer | Acrylate | | Core Size (Diameter) | 1.8 ± 0.3 μm |
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The term supercontinuum generation includes many nonlinear effects that lead to a substantial spectral broadening. These nonlinear effects include Raman scattering, self-phase modulation and solitons. Supercontinuum spectra are typically produced by inputting short (femtosecond range) high power pulses into a nonlinear medium. Since the dispersion in a photonic crystal fiber can be tailored to facilitate the generation of supercontinuum spectra in a specific region, nonlinear photonic crystal fibers are an attractive media. Supercontinuum (SC) sources are a new type of light source that combine the high radiant power and high degree of spatial coherence of a laser with a spectral bandwidth usually associated with an incandescent source. Supercontinuum sources can often drastically improve the signal-to-noise ratio, reduce the measurement time, or widen the spectral range in applications that require a broadband source, including high-resolution spectroscopy, the characterization of optical components, or optical coherence tomography (OCT). Despite the complex nature of the non-linear optical processes that convert the narrowband output of a laser into a supercontinuum, the practical realization can be surprisingly straight forward. All that is required is a high peak power pulsed laser, and a non-linear element with the right dispersion characteristics. The high power density, long length at comparatively low loss and the ability to achieve zero dispersion at wavelength shorter than 1250 nm - something that is not achievable with conventional fibers - makes small-core PCF ideally suited as the nonlinear element in a SC source. NKT Photonics offers small-core fibers suitable for use with femtosecond Ti:sapphire lasers (NLxx-xxx), as well as a fiber specifically designed to generate SC radiation from the output of a compact, low-cost Nd3+-YAG microchip laser (SC-5.0-1040). Please see detailed application note linked below for more information. When selecting a fiber for supercontinuum generation, the relationship between a fiber’s zero dispersion wavelength and the pump is the most important consideration. The table below provides a general guideline for cases when pumping the photonic crystal fiber with femtosecond laser sources. The attached pdf file offers more details regarding supercontinuum generation using the NL series of Photonic Crystal Fiber. | Pump Wavelength | Output Spectrum |
|---|
| Below the zero dispersion wavelength | Stable, smooth and narrow spectrum | | At the zero dispersion wavelength | Irregular, medium-wide and with a dip at the zero-dispersion wavelength | | Above the zero dispersion wavelength | Irregular and wide spectrum |
Supercontinuum - General Application Note - Thorlabs.pdf
|
This application note addresses general handling of fibers from NKT Photonics, including how to strip the protective coating, how to cleave the fibers and tips for coupling light to and from the fibers. This is ideal for customers new to photonic crystal fibers. Application_Note-_Stripping_Cleaving_&_Coupling.pdf The application note below addresses general advice about fusion splicing of photonic crystal fibers (PCFs). The note is limited to the work related directly to the fusion splicer, whereas guidelines for general handling of the PCFs can be found in the application note to the left. Application Note-_Splicing_Single Mode_PCF.pdf |
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Features- Single Mode
- Bending Insensitive
- Dispersion Optimized for 1 µm Wavelength Pumping
- Pure Silica Core
- Zero Dispersion Wavelength: 1040 ± 10 nm
- Nonlinear Coefficient at 1060 nm: 11 (W·km)-1
Applications- Supercontinuum Generation for Frequency Metrology, Spectroscopy, or Optical Coherence Tomography Using Nd(3+) Fiber Laser Pumps
- Four-Wave Mixing and Self-Phase Modulation for Switching, Pulse-Forming and Wavelength Conversion Applications
- Raman Amplification
This highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber guides light in a small solid silica core surrounded by large air holes. The optical properties of the structure closely resemble those of a rod of glass suspended in air, resulting in strong confinement of the light and, correspondingly, a large nonlinear coefficient. By selecting the appropriate core diameter, the zero-dispersion wavelength can be chosen over a wide range in the visible and near infrared spectrum, making this fiber particularly suited to the generation of supercontinuum radiation with diode-pumped Nd(3+)- lasers, or for optical switching and signal processing applications.
|
Optical Properties| Item # | λ0a | Dispersion
Slopeb | Attenuation | MFDb,c | NAb,d | Effective
Nonlinear Area | Nonlinear
Coefficientb |
|---|
| SC-5.0-1040 | 1040 ± 10 nm | - | λ0 < 2 dB/km
1550 nm < 1.5 dB/km
600 nm < 15 dB/km | 4.0 ± 0.2 µm | 0.20 ± 0.05 | - | 11 (W·km)-1 |
a Zero Dispersion Wavelength for the Nonlinear Photonic Crystal Fibers.
b Measured at λ0
c Mode Field Diameter
d Numerical Aperture Physical Properties| Item # | Core
Diameter | Pitch | Air Fill in
Holey Region | Diameter of
Holey Region | Diameter of Outer
Silica Cladding | Fiber O.D. |
|---|
| SC-5.0-1040 | 4.8 μm | 3.25 μm | - | - | 125 μm | 244 μm |
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The term supercontinuum generation includes many nonlinear effects that lead to a substantial spectral broadening. These nonlinear effects include Raman scattering, self-phase modulation and solitons. Supercontinuum spectra are typically produced by inputting short (femtosecond range) high power pulses into a nonlinear medium. Since the dispersion in a photonic crystal fiber can be tailored to facilitate the generation of supercontinuum spectra in a specific region, nonlinear photonic crystal fibers are an attractive media. Supercontinuum (SC) sources are a new type of light source that combine the high radiant power and high degree of spatial coherence of a laser with a spectral bandwidth usually associated with an incandescent source. Supercontinuum sources can often drastically improve the signal-to-noise ratio, reduce the measurement time, or widen the spectral range in applications that require a broadband source, including high-resolution spectroscopy, the characterization of optical components, or optical coherence tomography (OCT). Despite the complex nature of the non-linear optical processes that convert the narrowband output of a laser into a supercontinuum, the practical realization can be surprisingly straight forward. All that is required is a high peak power pulsed laser, and a non-linear element with the right dispersion characteristics. The high power density, long length at comparatively low loss and the ability to achieve zero dispersion at wavelength shorter than 1250 nm - something that is not achievable with conventional fibers - makes small-core PCF ideally suited as the nonlinear element in a SC source. NKT Photonics offers small-core fibers suitable for use with femtosecond Ti:sapphire lasers (NLxx-xxx), as well as a fiber specifically designed to generate SC radiation from the output of a compact, low-cost Nd3+-YAG microchip laser (SC-5.0-1040). Please see detailed application note linked below for more information. When selecting a fiber for supercontinuum generation, the relationship between a fiber’s zero dispersion wavelength and the pump is the most important consideration. The table below provides a general guideline for cases when pumping the photonic crystal fiber with femtosecond laser sources. The attached pdf file offers more details regarding supercontinuum generation using the SC-5.0-1040 Photonic Crystal Fiber. | Pump Wavelength | Output Spectrum |
|---|
| Below the zero dispersion wavelength | Stable, smooth and narrow spectrum | | At the zero dispersion wavelength | Irregular, medium-wide and with a dip at the zero-dispersion wavelength | | Above the zero dispersion wavelength | Irregular and wide spectrum |
Supercontinuum - General Application Note - Thorlabs.pdf
|
This application note addresses general handling of fibers from NKT Photonics, including how to strip the protective coating, how to cleave the fibers and tips for coupling light to and from the fibers. This is ideal for customers new to photonic crystal fibers. Application_Note-_Stripping_Cleaving_&_Coupling.pdf The application note below addresses general advice about fusion splicing of photonic crystal fibers (PCFs). The note is limited to the work related directly to the fusion splicer, whereas guidelines for general handling of the PCFs can be found in the application note to the left. Application Note-_Splicing_Single Mode_PCF.pdf |
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Nonlinear PCF
